The Article On Young Female Student Essay - 1495 Words

â€Å"You don’t know me, but you’ve been inside me, and that’s why we’re here today.† Those 15 words that ignited the fire. One would not find themselves choosing to be raped behind a dumpster and publically humiliated all while being drunkenly blacked out and unconscious. Anyone who would willingly want this to happen to them would be considered a masochist. So if no one (masochists excluded) would volunteer to be sexually assaulted why does it seem to happen far too often, especially at universities with such prestigious and privileged students attending? On January 18, 2015 Brock Allen Turner sexually assaulted an unconscious twenty-two year old female student. In the article Here Is The Powerful Letter The Stanford Victim Read Aloud To Her Attacker written by Katie J.M. Baker she writes about the incident where two graduate students who were out riding bikes spotted the freshman (Turner) and the victim (Jane Doe) interacting in what at first seemed consensual sexual encounter until they got closer and saw that she was motionless and that Turner was aggressively thrusting into her. They then yelled at Turner to get him off of her to which Turner reacted with getting up and rapidly running away. Fourteen months after the incident (March 2016) California jury found the former Stanford student guilty of three counts sexual assault, which included: Assault with Intent to Commit Rape of an Intoxicated/Unconscious person [Penal Code section 220(a)], Penetration of an IntoxicatedShow MoreRelatedSexism And Its Effects On Women1736 Words    |  7 Pagesdevaluation based on a person s sex or gender, as in restricted job opportunities, especially such discrimination directed against women. People see this in movies, books, and even in school. Young and mature females have never been given the opportunities that men are given because they are taught this from a young age. It is so important that we teach all kids the importance of equality; that everyone should be given the same opportunity no matter their gender. Unfortunately, sexism has influenced theRead MoreMale And Female Students Use Language Differently By Deborah Tannen1262 Words   |  6 Pagesgiving a wrong answer in front of my peers. Many students seem hesitant to speak in the classroom, but in my and Deborah Tannen’s experience women are more hesitant than men. The article â€Å"How Male and Female Students use Language Differently† by Deborah Tannen addresses the issue of unfair male advantage in the classroom. This issue is very relevant tod ay, and students and teachers should be informed. I believe the article â€Å"How Male and Female Students use Language Differently† should stay in the nextRead MoreHow Does Sports Dress Codes Shame Girls And Perpetuate Rape Culture?1142 Words   |  5 Pagesis a growing problem for society, there is a growing demand for equality in male and female attire. The argument is expressed in an article written by Laura Bates called, â€Å"How School Dress Codes Shame Girls and Perpetuate Rape Culture†. The problem is that women are expected to dress in a way that is socially acceptable. Socially acceptable means that, females must dress in a way that protects and covers the female anatomy. This argument that Bates explains, expresses a pathos appeal because you areRead MoreMy Favorite Marketing Related Quotes1054 Words   |  5 Pagescreated by progressive changes in technology. This essay is a literature review of peer-reviewed academic articles about the idea that the age and generation of customers affect how they respond to marketing efforts like media advertisements and product packaging. Core Concepts 4 8 9 There are about six important basic marketing terms within the pieces of literature reviewed in this article. Most of them are straightforward and pertain to the way businesses categorize and generalize groups of consumersRead MoreGender Equality : A Well Discussed Issue Essay1411 Words   |  6 Pagesof feminists, women are not pursuing STEM careers because of stereotypes and a specific idea of their gender role, both of which females are exposed to from a young age throughout adulthood. As females grow into women, they are exposed to stereotypes about their own gender and are given one specific mental image of what a female should look and act like. Being a female is most commonly associated with growing up, getting married, having children, and becoming a housewife. If women are reared inRead MoreFemale Sex Abusers Versus The Court1586 Words   |  7 PagesFemale Sex Abusers Versus the Court When someone commits a crime, we expect them to receive punishment and for the victims to receive justice. That is not always the case with female sex abusers, who are ignored or disregarded. John L. Smith reports in his Las Vegas Newspaper article, Justice doesn t always cut through gender bias, sexuality, the case of two former teachers; Mary Kay LeTourneau and Jack David Patton. LeTourneau was a grade school teacher, until she was exposed for being involvedRead MoreThe Assault Of Sexual Assault994 Words   |  4 Pagescame out with an article titled, â€Å"Sexual Assault Survivors Answer The Question â€Å"What Were You Wearing When You Were Assaulted?†, was a huge headline a couple years ago. In response, many of the survivors answered with responses such as pants and a plain t-shirt or a sweater and with sweatpants. That just shows the simplest clothes can attract a potential assaulter. For many years sexual assault has been a huge social topic amongst many individua ls, especially with young females in school settingsRead MoreStudent Dress Code Essay1134 Words   |  5 PagesA popular debate topic in today’s school system is the concept of student dress codes. The idea of a school dress code tends to mainly target female entire however, males are still affected by it. Girls, no matter what their age or where they are from, are being sexualized for wearing clothing that doesn’t cover their shoulders. People are accusing young females of wearing â€Å"distracting† outfits, which is jeopardizing their male classmate’s education. Not only is this shaming girls, but it is alsoRead MoreThe Dilemma Of Masculinity Versus Career Paths1702 Words   |  7 Pagesfield and, in turn, there would be more female role models for young girls to look up to. The more female representation in the STEM field, the more likely young girls are to eventually go into the STEM field. Introduction STEM stands for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. There is a bias that 8 GENDER INEQUALITY IN THE STEM FIELD any career in the STEM field is male fields whereas humanities and arts careers are primarily female fields. Men usually go into a STEM-basedRead MoreDoes Advertising Affect Self-Image1116 Words   |  5 Pagesto sell us their products. While these marketers believe that advertising only mirrors societys values and alerts them to new products and bargains, they are either oblivious to their detrimental effects on society, specifically the teenage and female markets, or are ignorant to the truth. The Media Awareness Network evaluates the self-perceptions we gain from advertising whether it be false or strictly informational and the subliminal messaging we receive from these manipulators.

Public Administration Accountability - 2145 Words

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Assignment SEMESTER 2 2012/2013 PSCI 2523 INSTRUCTOR â€Å"ACCOUNTABILITY† | NAME | MATRIC NO. | SECTION | 1 | | 1 | | | | | INTRODUCTION. When the word Public Administration come accross one’s mind, people would think of government civil workers and bureaucracy in government office. However, Public Administration is wider than that. It comprises of many part among them are technical issues,financal issues and ethical issues.Among many of them is the importance of manegerial technique, a characteristic where an organization such as government office should have in order to organize, planned, co-ordinate and budgetting. Government office is a big†¦show more content†¦Public Administration exist to provide services to the peoples. Therefore people have rights to know how their tax money would be spend, what happen to the budgett allocate to Public Administration by government and who is taking responsibilities over any action or planned carried out by the public sectors. Eventhough there might be distortion in achieving government policy, which is sometime is cause by unavoidable external cause, the citizen are expecting Public Administration would be handle it in a way that would bring less impact to the society. In order to satisfy citizen’s almost idealistic expectations, Public Administration must have the sense of highest integrity. Government are entrusted with public funds and resources, and must adhere to the highest ethical standards. Honesty, integrity, propriety, and objectivity, These goals can only be achieved through a combination of individual proffesionalism, personal standards and rigorous control framework (Deloitte). These years, people are began to question government officials integrity and government are trying to promotes the importance of integrity to their officials as well as to the citizens. For example in Malaysia, the government had establish Malaysian Integrity Instituition and Enforcement Agency Integrity Commiss ion, that would receive reports from citizens regarding the misbehaviour of government officials. TheShow MoreRelatedAccountability Of Public Administration : An Era Of Government Reform Essay1368 Words   |  6 Pagesworld, individuals seek accountability and honor as one of the most leading characteristics of all time. For example, in a normal workplace honor and accountability are made to be all about leadership. The goal is to always hold a very professional setting and have whoever’s working with you to be accountable of a respectable tone towards you. A majority of the individuals in a professional workplace won’t take time out to get to know the origin, on how honor and accountability were brought to our attentionRead MoreCollaborative Governance, Citizen Participation, And Decision Making Essay1557 Words   |  7 Pagesimportant to maintain a democratic government. While there are different ways of understanding what constitutes a democratic government, in public administration, democratic government can be viewed as a government that is responsive to the perspectives of its citizens and exhibit responsibility to the citizens. This can be promoted by the public institutions and public administrators (King, Feltey, Susel, 1998). They can use various processes to ensure a democratic government including collaborativeRead MoreThe Code Of Ethics Don t Require Formal Punishment1493 Words   |  6 Pageseven in the field of public officials. There always a time in someone life where their face with a decision they feel is right or wrong, but they have to what they feel is appropriate for the public as a whole. A personal ethics statement demonstrates the values and expectations of the duties of public officials. The codes of ethics don’t require formal punishment but more of the fear of the organization falling apart. Which insinuates that values are needed, because as public officials, we need toRead MoreThe Role Public Administration Play in This Modern Society.636 Words   |  3 PagesPublic administration houses the implement ation of government policy and an academic discipline that studies this implementation and that prepares civil servants for this work. As a field of inquiry with a diverse scope its fundamental goal... is to advance management and policies so that government can function. Some of the various definitions which have been offered for the term are: the management of public programs; the translation of politics into the reality that citizens see everyRead MoreDecentralization Of Public Administration : Contemporary And Developing Nations1229 Words   |  5 Pages Decentralization in Public Administration: Contemporary Efficacy in Fiscal Affairs Lenna Sliney University of North Carolina at Pembroke Decentralization in Public Administration: Contemporary Efficacy in Fiscal Affairs Decentralization is a systems theory approach, but there is division in existing scholarship on a generalized operating definition and the causality or correlation with economic development, resulting in myriad conclusions on its efficacy and necessities for successful implementationRead MoreThe Civil Service Act Of Public Administration1496 Words   |  6 PagesService Act’s purpose is to award federal government jobs to individuals based off merit, rather than cronyism or nepotism. In the context of public administration, this law has established benchmarks for the field of public administration, but it does not go without its disadvantages. This act bred performance management application in the public administration community by establishing tests and performance measurements that certainly outweigh the nature of providing government jobs due to party affiliationRead MorePublic And Private Management : Are They Fundamentally Alike? Essay1281 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduc tion On a macro level, public administration and business management are similar in their overall functions. â€Å"At the broadest level, some organizational theorists contend that administration is administration whatever its setting, and that the problems of organizing people, leading them and supplying them with resources to do their jobs are always the same (Kettl, 2012, p. 38).† In his paper, â€Å"Public and Private Management: Are They Fundamentally Alike in All Unimportant Respects?,† GrahamRead MoreHow Does New Public Management Change The Public Sector?1344 Words   |  6 PagesHow did New Public Management change the public sector? New Public Management is the use of private sector and business approaches in the public sector in order to achieve efficiency, efficacy and quality in the delivery of public services. As a positive consequence of this, there have been increasingly positive changes through the reforms that have been implemented by New Public Management into the public sector. This paper will uncover these reforms by discussing the establishment, core principlesRead MorePublic Administration And The Public Sector837 Words   |  4 PagesOld Public Administration was created to answer the questions to many unanswered problems. President Woodrow Wilson said it was â€Å"harder to run a constitution than to frame it† because of the difficult administrative tasks had to deal with. Sure enough, he was not the only person who felt that way. President Wilson believed that in order to run an effective government, ideas from the private sector should be incorporated into the public sector. He even wen t as far as to give input on how the governmentRead MoreBureaucracy And Bureaucracies1714 Words   |  7 PagesBureaucracies are a system and systems without coordination lead to problems with authority, consistency, and accountability. Authority can be lost by officials being unsure of who is charge of a situation. Bureaucracies that do not set authority for officials will have issues of controlling the bureaucracy as a whole (Kettl, 2017, 72). Authority, according to Kettl, promises accountability of an organization to consumers – or citizens in this case (2017, 85). Consistency is also important in a bureaucracy

Multiplicity Of International Court Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Multiplicity Of International Court. Answer: Introduction: The present report is based on the possibilities or dilemmas regarding the establishment of multiple courts in the sphere of international legal order. Therefore, it can be stated that the report will discuss about the topics related to internationallaw and the principle of it and will throw lights on the reason and outcome of the multiple courts and tribunals. It should be stated in this case procedural applicability is placed in an important role and the matter with international credibility are of special importance[1]. Thus, quick relief is required in these cases. It is no doubt to state that a judicial dispute should be resolved on urgent basis and that process can be hampered if contradiction regarding the decrees will take place. It has been observed by many cases that proliferation of international courts may cause serious breach if there is any contradictory jurisprudence exists[2]. It is true that it was an unbelievable fact to imagine multiplication of international court for the settlement of third party contradiction and now the whole world is facing the problem. However, all the aspects of existence of multiple of courts are to be discussed in the report and an attempt has been made to understand the base of the same.: Public International Law The present topic is based dilemma faced in theinternational law regarding the overseas disputes[3]. It is necessary in this case to understand the meaning of internationallaw before discussing about the factual difficulties[4]. The main objective of the internationallaw is to bind the states and the other entities of international recognition with certain rules. It has been mentioned under the several provisions of the international law that the main aim of the law is to establish equality among all the states. It has been mentioned under the charter of the United Nation that it is the discretionary power of the states to adopt the rules of the international law[5]. Public international laws are concerned regarding the matters like terrorism, diplomatic relation, disputes regarding the trade. It is the ultimate duty of the international law is to secure the interest of the humankind in general and it is implemented policies regarding the same. therefore, it can be understood that in ternational law plays an important role to resolve the disputes and policies are helpful to settle down the dispute amicably though it is on the will of the nation whether to accept the decision of the court or not. There is a contradiction made regarding the topic that how to take the policies implemented by the international law? There is a confliction whether to take the same as an optional consideration or to regard it as positive morality. There is a growth observed regarding the overseas dispute and it can be stated that the international law is playing an important role here. it has been observed that there is a hike of establishing international court to secure justice[6]. These courts are empowered with certain compulsory jurisdiction. As the application of the international law depend on the consent of the states, the rules and principles of the international law are difficult to ascertain. International legal personality: International legal personalities are certain kinds of institution that deals with the claims regarding the breach of law and if there is, a claim regarding the immunity from the national jurisdiction arises[7]. A tiny different can be observed between the international person and the international personality. States are regarded as the international person whereas international organisations are regarded as the international personalities. However, United Nation is considered as the international person in lieu of international personalities, though it enjoys less capacity if compare to the State. The main objective of the international legal personality is to secure the rights of the self-determination so that every State can keep their political status as per their social and cultural development. There is an international court of justice established under the provinces of the United Nation that dealing with the international disputes. It has been stated by Gilbert Guillaume, on e of the presidents of the court of justice that certain contradictions have been made regarding the establishment of multiple numbers of international courts. It has been observed that there are too many instruments present to resolve the third party dispute. Principle of International Law It is clear from the objective of the international law that the rules implemented by it are binding in nature but its applicability depends on the consent of the states. International laws are implemented policies in the form of the European Court of Human Rights and International Criminal Court[8]. It has been stated under the Article 38 of the International Court of Justice that there are certain general principles exists in the legal system of the International law[9]. The general principles can be categorised as laches, good faith, and impartiality regarding the decision of the judges. It is the main motto of the international law to promote the peace and integrity within the global sector. The importance of international law arises after the World War II and since then, it is improving its standpoint to resolve the internal disputes and to chalk out the effective policies regarding the same. The principle of equity and estoppel has been established through the international law system. It is to be kept in mind that the equity and estoppels principles are not followed the rules like common law. Establishment of international court and tribunals After the World War II, it became important to establish an institution that can resolve the disputes regarding the international matters and establish integrity within the globe. It was the main objective of the law maker to develop the standard of the dispute settlement and maintain a traditional equity within the sovereign states[10]. International courts are following the principle of international law and delivers judgment that becomes binding to the consent countries. Since its establishment, the institution has gained many success and continuing its nature of commencement in the sector of international disputes. Multiplication of international courts The nature regarding the international dispute is growing and therefore, a growing tendency regarding the establishment of multiple numbers of courts cropped up[11]. The main dilemma regarding the same accrues whether the outcome of such establishment is leading towards the jurisprudential confliction between the courts or it will widen the scope of the international decisions. Therefore, it can be stated that the importance of understanding the reasons behind the jurisdictional confliction is necessary. Disadvantages of the multiple courts and tribunal: The main danger regarding the establishment of the multiple international court is to create contradiction between two decisions and it may harm the unity of the international court. The nature of the contradiction can be either active or passive. An interpretation regarding the reasons is needed. The main problem regarding the international courts is that there is no precedential power exists. In LaGrand case, it has been observed that the decision of the International Court of Justice regarding the consular relations had not been followed up in the case of Loizidou. The same situation has been observed in the case of Nicaragua regarding the armed forces activities and Tadic case. In the former case, the International Court of Justice had made certain findings on the responsibilities of the armed forces, which had been denied by the International Criminal Tribunal in the later case[12]. Contradiction may also arise if same case has been filed before two judicial bodies with certain overlapping jurisdiction. The same thing happened in Swordfish case that involves the flag on the Chilean vessels. The second problem regarding the multiplication of the international court is that it may harm the base of unity regarding the international law[13]. The main problem of the international law is that in this case, there is no fixed body of rules and the provisions are uncertain in nature. The power of the law making bodies within the international legal system becomes precise but in the dispute matters, the role of the judges is not effective. Therefore, there is a sheer possibility regarding the existence of jurisdictional contradiction. It is a fact that the nature of the international law is not binding and the applicability of the same is depending on the consent of the States in general, but it can be stated that the law will be implemented on the states equally. The international law consists of rules that can be either community based or custom based[14]. It has been stated under the international law that the decision of the court is binding upon the member states of the United Nations. However, it should be bored in mind that the contradiction regarding the decisions of different courts related to all the similar nature of matters not to be taken place. One of the main reasons regarding the contradiction is that where the interpretation of the rules are applied by different judicial bodies. It has been analysed by many of the researchers that there are two main reasons regarding the conflicting jurisdiction. First is the establishment of multiple number of courts and tribunal and the second reason is the inte rpretation of provisions that accrues in different context. One of the common fields of confliction is the human right related matters. According to Article 33 of the UN charter, it is the discretionary power of the states to choose the way to resolve the matter and in this aspect; it is their will to maintain the decision of the international courts or tribunals. It is to be remember that there is no judicial hierarchy present in the international law and that creates certain disadvantageous consequences regarding the international jurisdiction. Certain doctrines are helpful to avoid the contradiction in the national judicial body. However, the same will not be applicable in the case of the international law. One of such doctrine is the stare decisis. According to this principle, if there are cases of similar nature, the court will follow the precedents and it is not necessary to interpret the same principle of law or the same categories of legal nature. However, in case of international law, there is no such provisions of stare decisis and therefore, contradiction regarding the different courts or tribunals can be observed. The doctrine of lis pendens is another doctrine regarding the avoidance of litigating contradiction. It can be stated that if, in the international law, there will be certain provisions regarding the same applied, jurisdictional contradictions can be removed in a greater way. Relevant case law One of the most common principles of contradictory jurisdiction is the difference between the Nicaragua case and Tadic case.the subject matter of the case evolved with the conception of armed forces and their role in the provinces of different countries[15]. It has been decided by the international court of justice in Nicaraguas case that the armed forces are to be controlled if there is any evidences regarding the violation of humanitarian law. However, in Tadic case, the decision made by the court contradicts with the decisions regarding the Nicaraguas case. Therefore, many of the researchers consider the grounds of the contradictions as the decisive difference[16]. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be stated that the existence of multiple courts or tribunals to resolve the matter with international recognition can be created a number of contradiction over similar kinds of cases. It should be taken into consideration that the main objective of the international law is to create integrity among the States and resolve the disputes by maintaining peace. If there is dispute arises regarding the different decisions of the international court, the objective of the international law could not be achieved. It is clear from the above mentioned paragraphs, it is clear that multiple courts with over lapping jurisdiction will sloth the flow of justice and the human rights will not be secured in this way. References: Akande, Dapo, and Antonios Tzanakopoulos. "The International Court of Justice and the Concept of Aggression." (2015). ARBITRATION, ADHOC, and I. CASE CONCERNING TERRITORIAL. "Decisions of International Courts and Tribunals."ICLQ57 (2008): 701-709. Bernhardt, Rudolf. "Encyclopedia of public international law." (2013). Byers, Michael. "Terrorism, the use of force and international law after 11 September."International Comparative Law Quarterly51.2 (2012): 401-414. Case, Nicaragua. "Case concerning military and paramilitary activities in and against Nicaragua."Judgement on the Merits(2014). Cohen, Harlan Grant, et al. "Introduction: Legitimacy and International Courts." (2017). Crawford, James, and Thomas D. Grant. "International Court of Justice."The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations(2017). De Brabandere, Eric. "The Use of Precedent and External Case Law by the International Court of Justice and the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea."The Law Practice of International Courts and Tribunals15.1 (2016): 24-55. Dinstein, Yoram.The conduct of hostilities under the law of international armed conflict. Cambridge University Press, 2016. Elias, Taslim.The international court of justice and some contemporary problems: essays on international law. Vol. 2. Springer Science Business Media, 2013. Hargrove, John Lawrence. "The Nicaragua Judgment and the Future of the Law of Force and Self-Defense."American Journal of International Law81.1 (2016): 135-143. Malintoppi, Loretta. "Fact Finding and Evidence Before the International Court of Justice (Notably in Scientific-Related Disputes)."Journal of International Dispute Settlement7.2 (2016): 421-444. MATTERS, MUTUAL ASSISTANCE IN CRIMINAL. "DECISIONS OF INTERNATIONAL COURTS AND TRIBUNALS."ICLQ59 (2010): 193-205. Wellens, Karel. "The International Court of Justice, Back to the Future: Keeping the Dream Alive."Netherlands International Law Review64.2 (2017): 193-212. Wi?niewski, Adam. "International Courts and Legalism in International Law."Polish Review of International and European Law(2017).

The Life of Mozart free essay sample

The Life of Mozart My book report is from the biography of Mozart written by Robert W. Stuntman. It was illustrated by the Jacket art courtesy of Music Lovers Society and was published by Harcourt Brace and Company. It was printed In New York City and the year of publication was 1999. Mozart was born In Salisbury, Austria, the son of composer, musical author, and violinist, Leopold Mozart and his wife, Anna Maria Pertly. His given names were Johann Chromosome Wolfgang Audiophiles, the last of which is Goodliest in German, and Amadeus in Latin.He used Wolfgang and Amadeus in his signature, so he is nearly known by these two names. He displayed marked musical gifts very early, playing the keyboard confidently when aged four, composing his first pieces for it aged five, and quickly mastering the violin. Leopold was keen to exhibit his sons extraordinary talents, along with those of his gifted pianist-daughter, Maria-Anna (called Manner) (17511829), and he undertook a series of tours across Europe with them when Mozart was Just SIX years old. In 1767 the family went to Vienna for five months, where Mozart wrote an opera buffo (comic opera) for the Emperor, La flat simple (trans, the Pretend Simpletons; ND a Single (a German-language opera with some spoken dialogue), Abstain undo Abstinent (1769), commissioned by DRP Franz Anton Messes. However, in Vienna, the Italian musicians at court, including the composer Antonio Saltier, made it difficult for him to produce his operas. He returned to Salisbury, and was appointed honorary Concertmaster to Archbishop Sigmund von Scratching.There followed three extended visits by father and son to Italy (17702). Musical experience gained on these tours helped mold Mozart style, especially In dramatic music. He was prolific, writing sacred vocal pieces and Instrumental works too. By 1 772 he had written about 25 symphonies (some are lost), and his first quartets. Further quartets and symphonies followed during and after a visit to Vienna in 1773, when he came into contact with Heydays music.Between 17756 he composed two operas: La flat Gardenia (trans The Lady Who Disguised Herself as a Gardener) and II Re Pastors (The Shepherd King); five violin concertos; the Huffier Serenade, and masses for the Salisbury Court Chapel. Bach, Haydn, Handel, and the Italian composers were all major influences on him at the time. Unhappy with the austere and unmusical Archbishop Colored of Salisbury, who was appointed at the death of Sigmund, Mozart left his service in 1777 and, traveling with his mother, sought employment elsewhere.They stayed at Anaheim, where he composed some Plano concertos and flute quartets, and fell In love with a coloratura soprano, Alyssa Weber. In 1778 his mother died in Paris. He composed Salisbury. Mozart visited the Webber on his way back to find that Alyssa seemed to have forgotten him entirely. Back in Salisbury, Mozart reluctantly accepted the post of court organist (1779). At this time he composed the Coronation Mass (1779), the Assassin Concentrate in E Flat Major for Violin, Viola and Orchestra, and the Serenade in D Major.In 1780 he received an important commission from Munich, the opera series (serious opera) Demimonde. In 1781 Colored summoned Mozart to Vienna for the coronation of Emperor Joseph II. Again, he left the archbishops service, this time after a stormy scene, but remained in Vienna, which became his home for the rest of his short, full Alyssa Weber had married a court actor and Mozart had turned his attentions to ere sister Constance, whom he married in 1782 the year of his Single, Die Neutering ass deem Serial (The Abduction from the Harem).Married life was humorous and happy, but financially insecure. Mozart eked out his income by teaching. He and Constants had six children, two of whom survived. He became a Freemason in 1784, and in the same year he produced six piano concertos. In 1785 he composed a further three, and in 1786 three more. These marked the rich flowering of his maturity, along with the six quartets dedicated to Haydn; the Line and Prague symphonies; and the three Italian comic masterpieces composed to libretti byLorenz dad Point: Lee nozzle did Figaro (1786, The Marriage of Figaro, after Beneficiaries), Don Giovanni (first performed in Prague, 1787), and Coos fan tutee 11790, trans. Thus All Women). The string quintets in C major and G minor (1787), the last three symphonies (1788) including his masterpiece of counterpoint, the Symphony no. 41 in C Major, the Jupiter the quartets for the King of Prussia, and a clarinet quintet mark the peak of his instrumental powers. The letters to fellow Masons in his last three years make sad reading, reflecting his countless anxieties about finance or health.He hoped for new commissions or a court post on the accession of Emperor Leopold II, but nothing was forthcoming. In 1791 he applied unsuccessfully for the post of Experimentalist of SST Stephens Cathedral. His last complete works were the Masonic Single, Die Subterfuge (1791, ere Magic Flute); an opera series, La clemency did Toto (1791, The mercy of Toto), and a clarinet concerto for Loopholes coronation. Commissioned by an unknown stranger to compose the Requiem Mass, Mozart became obsessed with the idea that it was for his own death, and he died before the work was finished after a three-week fever.No convincing evidence about the cause of death has come to light, although there has been much speculation about it. Deeply in debt at the time of his death, Mozart did not live long enough to enjoy the financial rewards from the success of The Magic Flute, and was buried in a paupers grave. Even though I did not get a chance to read the whole entire book, I thought that Mozart life was interesting and worthwhile. He seemed a little kooky at times, but interpreting Mozart life. The book was a little hard to follow but it gave me much to rite about him and learned more about his work.

Jack Kerouac Essays - Literature, Counterculture Of The 1960s

Jack Kerouac Jack Kerouac was a poet who focused on the forgotten people of the world. Wherever he traveled he found the places nobody wanted to find and turned the un-pretty into magnificent poetry. Kerouac used the people no one wanted to remember and turned them into poetic works of art. Jack Kerouac's life was filled with adventure and self-destruction. Born on March 12, 1922, Kerouac grew up in the poor city of Lowell, Massachusetts. His life was tormented with poverty and alcoholism, first by his father, then he himself was afflicted by the deadly disease. At the age of 8, Kerouac lost his brother, Gerard to typhoid fever. Kerouac traveled hitchhike style across the country. In 1943, Kerouac was a kitchen boy on a US Navy patrol boat. He enlisted in the Navy as a reaction to Pearl Harbor; he quickly got sick of the Army life and war, but was highly amused by the bottle, which was deemed the sailor's eternal comfort. In 1957, Kerouac's book, On the Road was published. "It is disturbing and powerful, but not over done, bursting with juvenile grace, distraught depravity, serious questions and severe hangovers, cheap philosophy and smoking jalopies." (Ann Charters.) Sadly after his bought with alcoholism he lost his life on October 21, 1969, in St. Petersburg Florida. From the beginning of his life, Jack Kerouac was interested in writing. Kerouac's first inspiration was the radio show, "The Shadow." Later in life he would model himself after Thomas Wolfe. In high school Kerouac was a star football player and got a scholarship to Columbia University to play on the football team. His family followed him to Queens New York and eventually Kerouac dropped out of college, shortly after his father had lost his business. After disappointing the father who has so recently disappointed him, his father sunk into an alcoholic depression. Kerouac then entered the military. When he wasn't sailing he would hang out with people his parents did not like, "outcast" Columbia students, Allen Ginsberg and Lucien Carr, an older businessman, William S. Burroughs, and a street cowboy from Denver Colorado, Neal Cassidy. Jack Kerouac started the Beat Generation, he penned the name, and he was one of the Beat poets/writers, along with Allen Ginsberg. When On the Road was published, Kerouac had found a new status as a celebrity. His sudden celebrity status was probably one of the worst things that could have happened to him, because his moral and spiritual decline in the next few years was shocking. To live up to the wild image he gave himself in On the Road, Kerouac developed a detrimental drinking habit that changed his natural brightness and aged him prematurely. Kerouac was incredibly unhappy with his new life as a celebrity. His life ended October 21, 1969 at the age of 47. Jack Kerouac's poems, Women, Hymn, and HitchHiker, are all represented by the theme that Kerouac wrote about the forgotten people. The poem Women, deals with Kerouac's theme of writing about the unnoticed. This is a very simple example. Kerouac is acknowledging that women are great, but he is also observing how the woman walks, very motion filled movements. The last stanza, "A handkerchief in the / Wind," is describing how the women swings when she walks, very softly like a handkerchief being moved in the wind. In the poem Hymn, Kerouac watches how the people of Brooklyn react to the ice that God created. He noticed how people were slipping on the ice, but not once, twice, probably in close proximity to each other. He also noticed in the line, "two different people / came over, goin to work, / so earnest and tryful" that people were trying so hard to avoid slipping on ice, and when they did slip, they had trouble regaining their balance. The second part of the poem, Kerouac is speaking of what God taught him. God allowed Kerouac to cry. God taught him how to cry. Kerouac later goes on to say that no one would have cared if he cried, "And me leaning on the lamppost wiping / eyes, / eyes, / nobody's known I'd cried / or woulda cared anyway," and he thanks God for letting him realize this inside of himself. Kerouac also makes a statement about his life, I knew God You / had better plans than that / So whatever plan you have for me / Splitter of majesty / Make it short / Brief / Make it snappy / bring me home to the

5 of the Best Plays by Tennessee Williams

5 of the Best Plays by Tennessee Williams From the 1930s until his death in 1982, Tennessee Williams crafted some of America’s most beloved dramas. His lyrical dialogue drips with his special brand of Southern Gothic a style found in fiction writers such as Flannery O’Connor and William Faulkner (but not seen too often upon the stage). During his lifetime, he created over thirty full-length plays, in addition to short stories, memoirs, and poetry. His golden age, however, took place between 1945 and 1961. During this time, he created his most powerful plays. Among those are five that will forever remain among the best dramas for the  stage. These classics were instrumental in making Tennesee Williams one of the best playwrights of modern times and they continue to be audience favorites. #5 – The Rose Tattoo Many consider this Williams’ most comedic play. Originally on Broadway in 1951, The Rose Tattoo tells the story of Serafina Delle Rose, a passionate Sicilian widow who lives with her daughter in Louisiana. The play explores the theme of newfound romance after a long period of loneliness. The author described The Rose Tattoo as â€Å"the Dionysian element in human life.† For those of you who don’t wish to run to your Greek mythology book, Dionysus, the God of Wine, represented pleasure, sexuality, and rebirth. Tennessee Williams’ comedy/drama exemplifies all of the above. Interesting Tidbits: The Rose Tattoo was dedicated to his lover, Frank Merlo.In 1951, The Rose Tattoo won Tony Awards for Best Actor, Actress, and Play.Italian actress Anna Magnani won an Oscar for her portrayal of Serafina in the 1955 film adaptation of The Rose Tattoo . #4 – Night of the Iguana When I was 12 years old, I stayed up late to watch what I thought was going to be a midnight monster movie about a Radioactive Iguana who destroys Japanese cities. Instead, I ended up watching an adaptation of Tennessee Williams play Night of the Iguana . There are no oversized lizard creatures, but there is the compelling main character, ex-Reverend T. Lawrence Shannon. Expelled from his church community, he has turned from a respected minister into an alcoholic tour guide who leads his disgruntled group to a small Mexican resort town. Shannon is tempted by the lustful widow, Maxine, who owns a seedy hotel. However, it seems his true calling is to emotionally connect with an impoverished, gentle-hearted painter, Miss Hannah Jelkes. They form a bond more complex and fulfilling than Maxine could ever offer. Interesting Tidbits: The original 1961 Broadway production featured Betty Davis in the role of the seductive and lonely Maxine.The 1964 film adaptation was directed by the prolific and versatile John Huston.Like the main character, Tennessee Williams struggled with depression and alcoholism. #3 – The Glass Menagerie Many argue that Williams’ first major success is his strongest play. To be sure, The Glass Menagerie exhibits the playwright at his most personal. The play is ripe with autobiographical revelations: The absent father in The Glass Menagerie is a traveling salesman – like Williams’ father.The fictional Wingfield family lived in St. Louis, as did Williams and his real-life family.Tom Wingfield and Tennessee Williams share the same first name. The playwrights real name is Thomas Lanier Williams III. The fragile Laura Wingfield was modeled after Tennessee Williams’ sister, Rose. In real life, she suffered from schizophrenia and was eventually given a partial lobotomy, a destructive operation from which she never recovered. It was a constant source of heartache for Williams. Considering the biographical connections, the regretful monologue at the play’s end feels like a personal confession. Tom: Then all at once my sister touches my shoulder. I turn around and look into her eyes... Oh, Laura, Laura, I tried to leave you behind me, but I am more faithful than I intended to be! I reach for a cigarette, I cross the street, I run into the movies or a bar, I buy a drink, I speak to the nearest stranger anything to blow your candles out! For nowadays the world is lit by lightning! Blow your candles out, Laura and so good-bye... Interesting Tidbits: Paul Newman directed the 1980s film adaptation which starred his wife Joanne Woodward.The film contains an interesting moment not found in the original play: Amanda Wingfield actually succeeds in selling a magazine subscription over the phone. It sounds trivial, but it’s actually presented as a heartwarming triumph for the character – a rare beam of light in an otherwise gray and weary world. #2 – A Streetcar Named Desire   Of the major plays by Tennessee Williams, A Streetcar Named Desire contains the most explosive moments. This is perhaps his most popular play. Thanks to director Elia Kazan, Marlon Brando, and Vivian Leigh, it became a motion picture classic. Even if you haven’t seen the movie, you have probably seen the iconic clip in which Brando screams for his wife, â€Å"Stella!!!!† Blanche Du Bois serves as the delusional, often vexing but ultimately sympathetic protagonist. Leaving behind her sordid past, she moves into the dilapidated New Orleans apartment of her co-dependent sister and brother-in-law, Stanley – the dangerously virile and brutish antagonist. Many academic and armchair debates have involved Stanley Kowalski. Some have argued that the character is nothing more than an apelike villain/rapist. Others believe that he represents the harsh reality in contrast to Du Bois’ impractical romanticism. Still, some scholars have interpreted the two characters as being violently and erotically drawn to one another.   From an actor’s viewpoint,  Streetcar  might be Williams best work. After all, the character of Blanche Du Bois delivers some of the most rewarding  monologues  in modern theater. Case in point, in this provocative scene, Blanche recounts the tragic death of her late husband: Blanche: He was a boy, just a boy, when I was a very young girl. When I was sixteen, I made the discovery love. All at once and much, much too completely. It was like you suddenly turned a blinding light on something that had always been half in shadow, thats how it struck the world for me. But I was unlucky. Deluded. There was something different about the boy, a nervousness, a softness and tenderness which wasnt like a mans, although he wasnt the least bit effeminate looking still that thing was there ... He came to me for help. I didnt know that. I didnt find out anything till after our marriage when wed run away and come back and all I knew was Id failed him in some mysterious way and wasnt able to give the help he needed but couldnt speak of! He was in the quicksands and clutching at me but I wasnt holding him out, I was slipping in with him! I didnt know that. I didnt know anything except I loved him unendurably but without being able to help him or help myself. Then I foun d out. In the worst of all possible ways. By coming suddenly into a room that I thought was empty which wasnt empty, but had two people in it ... the boy I had married and an older man who had been his friend for years ...Afterward we pretended that nothing had been discovered. Yes, the three of us drove out to Moon Lake Casino, very drunk and laughing all the way.We danced the Varsouviana! Suddenly, in the middle of the dance the boy I had married broke away from me and ran out of the casino. A few moments later a shot!I ran out all did! all ran and gathered about the terrible thing at the edge of the lake! I couldnt get near for the crowding. Then somebody caught my arm. Dont go any closer! Come back! You dont want to see! See? See what! Then I heard voices say Allan! Allan! The Grey boy! Hed stuck the revolver into his mouth, and fired so that the back of his head had been blown away!It was because on the dance floor unable to stop myself Id suddenly said I saw! I know ! You disgust me ... And then the searchlight which had been turned on the world was turned off again and never for one moment since has there been any light thats stronger than this kitchen candle ... Interesting Tidbits: After debuting the role of Blanche on Broadway, Jessica Tandy was originally supposed to play the role in the film. It seems that she didnt have the star power to attract movie goers. Olivia de Havilland turned down the role and it was given to Vivien Leigh.Vivien Leigh won an Oscar for Best Actress in the film, as did supporting actors Karl Malden and Kim Hunter. Marlon Brando, however, did not win Best Actor though he was nominated. That title went to Humphrey Bogart for The African Queen in 1952. #1 - Cat on a Hot Tin Roof This play blends elements of tragedy and hope, earning its place as the most powerful work of Tennessee Williams’ collection. The taciturn protagonist Brick Pollitt struggles with alcoholism, the loss of his youth, the death of a loved one, and several other inner demons, not the least of which might be his repressed  sexual identity.   Brick is devastated over the suicide of his friend Skipper who killed himself after he tried to discuss his feelings. When Brick and his father finally determine the source of his angst, the protagonist learns about self-forgiveness and acceptance. Cat represents the most headstrong of the playwright’s female characters. Like other women in Williams’ plays, she experiences adversity. But instead of verging on insanity or wallowing in nostalgia, she â€Å"claws and scratches† her way out of obscurity and poverty. She conveys unbridled sexuality, yet we learn that she is ultimately a faithful wife who lures her husband back to the marriage bed by the play’s end. The third major character in  Cat on a Hot Tin Roof is Big Daddy, the wealthy and powerful patriarch of the Pollitt family. He exhibits many negative traits. He is gruff, callous, and verbally abusive. Yet, when Brick and the audience learn that Big Daddy is on the brink of death, he gains out sympathy. More than this, when he overcomes despair and bravely embraces the little remainder of his life, he earns our solemn respect. The inevitable death of the father awakens a long-overdue sense of purpose with the son. Brick decides to return to the bedroom with the ambition of starting a family. Hence Tennessee Williams shows us that despite the unavoidable losses throughout our lives, loving relationships can endure and a meaningful life can be attained. Interesting Tidbits: Cat on a Hot Tin Roof won the Pulitzer Prize in 1955.The play was adapted into a 1958 film which starred Paul Newman, Elizabeth Taylor, and Burl Ives, who originated the role of Big Daddy on Broadway.

Programmable Logic Controllers Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Programmable Logic Controllers - Assignment Example That is; you can blend and match the sorts of Input and Output gadgets to best suit your application. While Ladder Logic is the most usually utilized PLC programming dialect, it is not alone. The accompanying table arrangements of some of the dialects that are utilized to program a PLC (Bolton, 2006). A complete system may contain a large number of rungs, assessed in the arrangement. Ordinarily the PLC processor will then again examine every one of its inputs and redesign yields, and then assess the stepping stool rationale; information changes amid a project sweep will not be viable until the following I/O overhaul. A complete system output may take just a couple of milliseconds, much quicker than changes in the controlled procedure (Bolton, 2006). Programmable controllers fluctuate in their abilities for a "rung" of a step graph. Some just permit a solitary yield bit. There are normally breaking points to the quantity of arrangement contacts in line, and the quantity of branches that can be utilized. Every component of the rung is assessed consecutively. In the event that components change their state amid assessment of a rung, hard-to-analyze issues can be created, albeit here and there the strategy is valuable. A few usage constrained assessment from left-to-great and did not permit converse stream of a rationale signal to influence the yield (Mikulczyński, Samsonowicz and Więcławek, 1998). The command OUT has the purpose to output the functions of the PLC. This outputs the total function of a given rung. On the other hand, SET is a command that prepares an input or output pin to receive or send a given command. When the time for receiving the command or sending has elapsed. One must RESET in order to avoid the use of the pin for other functions and bring about the confusion of the command procedure (Mikulczyński, Samsonowicz and Więcławek, 1998). Simple to-computerized transformation is an electronic process in which a constantly